It is thus critical to understand the neural substrates of brain states and how state changes can account for the variability embedded in neuronal and behavioral data ( Cano et al., 2006 Poulet and Petersen, 2008 Polack et al., 2013 Fu et al., 2014 Zagha and McCormick, 2014 Lee et al., 2020). Editor's evaluationįluctuations of brain states, such as arousal and attention, strongly impact sensory processing, decision-making, and animal behavior ( Harris and Thiele, 2011 Lee and Dan, 2012 Thiele and Bellgrove, 2018 Petersen, 2019 McCormick et al., 2020). Together, our data show that substantial variability exists in an overall graded relationship between pupil diameter and LC activity, and further suggest that the pupil–LC relationship is dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting and extending our previous findings (Yang et al., 2021). The variations in the pupil–LC relationship were strongly correlated with decision bias-related behavioral variables. In addition, pupil exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations in response to identical optical stimulation in the LC. However, this relationship exists with substantial variability such that pupil diameter can only be used to accurately predict a small fraction of LC activity on a moment-by-moment basis. To address this question, we established a graded relationship between pupil size changes and LC spiking activity in mice, where pupil dilation increased monotonically with the number of LC spikes.
However, how accurately it can be used to index LC activity is not known.
Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC).
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